Growth of Collisional Orogens From Small and Cold to Large and Hot—Inferences From Geodynamic Models

It is well documented that the interplay between crustal thickening and surface processes determines growth of continent-continent collision orogens from small cold to large hot. Additionally, studies have demonstrated structural style a mountain belt strongly influenced by inherited (extensional) structures, pattern erosion deposition, as distribution shallow detachment horizons. However, factors controlling shortening variable function convergence process efficiency remain less explored. We use 2D upper-mantle scale plane-strain thermo-mechanical model (FANTOM) coupled planform, mass conserving surface-process (Fastscape), investigate long-term evolution belts influence lithospheric pull, extensional inheritance, efficiency, decoupling thin-and thick-skinned tectonics. establish an evolutionary for orogenic mono-vergent wedge plateau, find internal loading main factor evolution, while pull modulates plate driving force orogenesis. Limited foreland-basin filling minor exhumation orogen core are characteristic low thick fill, profound high efficiency. Utilizing balance analysis, we show how processes, deformation during growth. Finally, present comparison our generic modeling results with natural systems, particular focus on Pyrenees, Alps, Himalaya-Tibet.